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Drive geometry & speed

Preferred: z₁ ≥ 17
Max z₂ ≈ 120
mm
Recom.: 30–50× pitch
rpm
Even avoids offset link

Results

ParameterValueUnitFormula / note

Drive Diagram

Formulas & ISO 606 chain pitches

Geometry

i = z₂/z₁ = n₁/n₂
d₁ = p / sin(π/z₁) [pitch dia]
d₂ = p / sin(π/z₂)
v = z₁·p·n₁ / 60 000 [m/s]

Chain length

X = a/p (a in links)
L = 2X + (z₁+z₂)/2 + (z₂−z₁)²/(4π²X)
→ round to even integer
a_actual = p/4·[Y + √(Y² − 8·Δz²/π²)]
where Y = L − (z₁+z₂)/2, Δz = z₂−z₁

Wrap angle

α₁ = 180° − 60°·(z₂−z₁)/X_links
(simplified)
or: α₁ = 180° − 2·arcsin((d₂−d₁)/(2a))

Minimum α₁ = 120°. Below this use a tensioner.

Polygonal effect

δv/v = 1 − cos(π/z₁)

Speed variation due to chain link geometry. Higher tooth count → smoother running. z₁ ≥ 17 for smooth operation at higher speeds.

Standard ISO 606 pitches

PitchInchISO chainv_max
6.35 mm1/4"04B3 m/s
9.525 mm3/8"06B8 m/s
12.7 mm1/2"08B / ANSI 4015 m/s
15.875 mm5/8"10B / ANSI 5015 m/s
19.05 mm3/4"12B / ANSI 6012 m/s
25.4 mm1"16B / ANSI 8010 m/s

Design guidelines

  • z₁ ≥ 17 for smooth running (z₁ = 19, 21, 23 typical)
  • z₂ ≤ 120 to avoid long pitch engagement
  • i ≤ 6 for single-stage chain drives
  • Centre distance: 30–50× pitch preferred
  • Even number of links avoids offset/half link
  • Upper chain strand should be the tight side (slack side sags below)