Weld geometry & loading
mm
a ≥ 3 mm, a ≤ 0.7·t_min
mm
Nominal length
kN
+ tension, − compression
Results
Method — EN 1993-1-8 directional method
Stresses on weld throat
σ⊥ = τ⊥ = (N/Aw + M/Ww) / √2τ‖ = V / Aw
Aw = a · l_eff · n
Ww = n · a · l_eff² / 6
A transverse force on the 45° throat splits equally into σ⊥ and τ⊥ (the √2 factor); the shear V acts as τ‖.
Resistance check (EN 1993-1-8 §4.5.3.2)
[σ⊥² + 3(τ⊥² + τ‖²)]½ ≤ fu/(βw·γM2)σ⊥ ≤ 0.9·fu/γM2
γM2 = 1.25; βw = 0.80 (S235) … 1.00 (S420/S460). leff = l − 2a deducts the end craters.